Centro Benozzi

Visual health

Ocular surface & eyelids

The ocular surface is made up of the cornea, the conjunctiva and the tear film, protected by the eyelids. It's one of the eye's most exposed areas, which is why it's one of the most common reasons for an eye exam.

Close-up of an eye

Dry eye

The tear film is a delicate layer covering the eye's outer surface, which deteriorates when it isn't properly lubricated because tear production is low or its components aren't ideal.

Symptoms

  • Red eyes
  • Burning
  • Irritation
  • Gritty sensation
  • Stinging
  • Eye fatigue
  • Discomfort with contact lenses
  • Watery eyes (irritation triggers a reflex tearing response)

Treatment

The most common therapeutic options:

  • Artificial tears as drops, gel or ointment.
  • Silicone punctal plugs, which occlude the tear ducts in the most severe cases.
  • Surgery, if the condition is very severe.
  • Mechanotherapy.
  • Thermotherapy.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva. It presents with conjunctival congestion, discharge, and sometimes swelling and/or subconjunctival hemorrhages. Symptoms include burning, tearing, a foreign-body sensation and light sensitivity. It can be infectious, allergic or chemical in origin.

It can be:

Acute: Sudden onset, rapid progression, short course.

Subacute: An intermediate course between acute and chronic.

Chronic: A prolonged course with moderate, continuous symptoms, with periods of remission and flare-ups.

Other conditions

Blepharitis

Chronic inflammation of the eyelid margin, often accompanied by secondary disorders of the conjunctiva and cornea, which is why it is also called blepharoconjunctivitis.

It is one of the most common eye conditions patients seek care for.

Demodex

This opportunistic mite colonizes and infects the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the eyelid margin, a condition called demodicosis; it is recognized by redness of the eyelid margin along with sebaceous crusts at the base of the eyelashes, itching and red eye. Treatment is paired with daily hygiene and the condition tends to recur.

Pterygium

A wedge-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that starts on the sclera and advances over the cornea, generally benign in origin; in some cases it is resolved surgically.

Stye and chalazion

A stye is an infection of the glands associated with the eyelash. It presents acutely, with pain that increases when blinking, and appears as a small red bump with a purulent yellow center; it generally resolves quickly with local treatment.

A chalazion is a bump that appears acutely or chronically on the eyelid, accompanied by warmth, redness and pain, since it originates from infection and obstruction of an oil gland. It can recur and always requires treatment.

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